Objective: To study about lathe machine
1.1 Introduction
The lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the world. It is commonly known as the mother of all other machine tools. The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it the required shape and size. The job is securely and rigidly held in the chuck or in between centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single-point cutting tool which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips.
Fig. 1.1 Working principle of lathe machine
1.2 Parts of Lathe
The lathe carries die following main parts, as illustrated in fig. 1.2. Detailed mechanical features of die lathe. The main parts of a lathe are listed in table 1.1.
Fig. 1.2 Engine lathe
Fig. 1.3 Pictorial view of lathe
Table 1.1 – Parts of engine lathe
1.3 Operation performed by lathe
Various operations performed by lathe machine either by holding workpiece or cutting tool are enlisted below.
1.4 Specifications of a lathe
The size of a lathe is generally specified by the following means:
- Swing or maximum diameter that can be rotated over the bed ways
- The maximum length of the job that can be held between headstock and tailstock centers
- Bed length, which may include headstock length also
- Maximum diameter of the bar that can pass through spindle or collet chuck of capstan
lathe.
Fig.1.4 illustrates the elements involved in the specifications of a lathe. The following data also contributes to specify a common lathe machine.
Fig. 1.4 Specification of lathe
The complete specifications of a lathe will include various other data also. This, it is hoped, will be clearer through a concrete example. Given below, for this purpose, are the complete specifications of a precision lathe machine models 1& 2. Manufactured by M/s. New Dilip Industries, Rajkot (India).
Table 1.2 – Specification of precision lathe Machine models no. 2 & 3
Experimental table:
